Sovereignty vs. Responsibility: Challenges in Enforcing International Human Rights

Abstract

This paper  mainly explores the tension between  the state sovereignty and the international responsibility to  particularly protect (R2P) human rights. It also critically examines how sovereignty is mainly  used both as a proper form of shield against external interference and as a justification for  the systemic human rights violations.. Drawing from historical precedents, worldwide prison units, and current case research, the studies highlight the challenges confronted by international establishments in implementing human rights norms. The findings monitor a continual imbalance between normative frameworks and practical enforcement, exacerbated by way of political hobbies, inconsistent application, and structural barriers within the worldwide machine. The paper concludes by recommending pathways to reconcile sovereignty with collective duty.